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BAHASA INGGRIS

Text I

The general principles of dynamics are rules that demonstrate a relationship between the motions of bodies and the forces that produce those motions. Based in large part on the work of his predecessors, Sir Isaac Newton deduced three laws of dynamics, which he published in 1687 in his famous Principia.

Prior to Newton, Aristotle had established that the natural state of a body was a state of rest, and that unless a force acted upon it to maintain motion, a moving body would come to rest. Galileo had succeeded in correctly describing the behavior of failing objects and in recording that no force was required to maintain a body in motion. He noted that the effect of force was to change motion. Huygens recognized that a change in the direction of motion involved acceleration, just as did a change in speed, and further, that the action of a force was required. Kepler deduced the laws describing the motion of plants around the sun. It was primarily from Galileo and Kepler that Newton borrowed.

41. What was the main purpose of this passage?

    1. To discredit Newton’s laws of motion

    2. To demonstrate the development of Newton’s laws

    3. To describe the motion of planets around the sun

    4. To describe the behavior of failing objects

    5. To establish Newton as the authority in the field of physics

41. The phrase ”prior to” in paragraph two could best be replaced by ___ .

    1. with

    2. after

    3. before

    4. simultaneously

    5. incidentally

41. Which of the following scientists established that the natural state of a body was a state of rest?

    1. Kepler

    2. Galileo

    3. Newton

    4. Aristotle

    5. Huygen

41. Who was the first scientist to correctly describe the behavior of falling object?

    1. Newton

    2. Galileo

    3. Huygen

    4. Kepler

    5. Aristotle

41. According to Huygen, when was acceleration required?

    1. Only for a change in speed

    2. Only for a change in direction

    3. For the action of force

    4. For either a change in direction or a change in speed

    5. Neither for a change in direction nor for a change in speed

41. According to the passage, Newton based his laws primarily upon the work of ___ .

    1. Newton himself

    2. Huygens and Kepler

    3. Galileo and Copernicus

    4. Ptolemy and Copernicus

    5. Galileo and Kepler

Text II

In most economies, the government plays role in the market system. Governments enforce the ”rules of the game”’ impose taxes, and may control prices through price ceilings or price supports. These actions necessarily may create shortages or surpluses. In most developed and interdependent economies, the necessity of the government’s playing some role in the economy seldom is disputed.

41. The author of the passage would probably agree that ___.

    1. price ceiling add to the shortages

    2. economic surpluses are always good

    3. market shortages are a necessary evil

    4. higher prices strengthen the economy

    5. surpluses are not usually created intentionally

41. The final sentence in the passage suggests that ___ .

    1. economic success is a sophisticated achievement

    2. price supports are necessary

    3. interdependence goes hand in hand with development

    4. disputes over government control usually come from an illiterate populace

    5. there are underdeveloped countries whose attitude toward government control may be hostile

Text III

The ”Dirapai” is the complex and spectacular 49 in Toraja. It is reserved for the “Tokapua” (the highest class) and 50 two stages. First it 51 in the house; second it takes place at the ceremonial ground. On the first two days of the ceremony the 52 is laid at rest while relatives take turns in 53 vigil (menjaga tanpa tidur). The deceased is offered meals 54 still alive. On the third day the procession to the ceremonial ground begins. An effigy (boneka) of the deceased is made and buffaloes are slaughtered in a 55 ceremony aimed at providing the deceased with an adequate quantity of food for the life hereafter. Meat and some bamboo containers of palm wine are also brought to the ceremonial ground. The meat is later roasted over a fire and 56 by the people.

41. 
    

42. A. event

2. custom

3. ceremony

4. tradition

5. grave

41. A. includes

2. consists

3. concerns with

4. deals with

5. takes over

41. A. takes place

2. brings about

3. looks for

4. takes care

5. maintains

41. A. guest

2. family

3. ceremony

4. death

5. corpse

41. A. keep

2. to keep

3. kept

4. keeping

5. being kept

41. A. when

2. though

3. as though

4. because

5. in sprite of

41. A. sacrify

2. sacrifice

3. sacrificing

4. sacrificed

5. sacrificial

41. 
    

42. A. eat

2. to eat

3. eating

4. eaten

5. ate

TATA BAHASA

41. ___ among so many strangers, the frightened child began to sob uncontrollably.

    1. Stand

    2. Stood

    3. Standing

    4. To stand

    5. Having been stood

41. Louise is the most capable of the three girls ___ we had chosen to try out for the part in the play.

    1. who

    2. whom

    3. whose

    4. which

    5. of which

41. The teacher got the students to read the class assignment, and then had them ___ the report.

    1. write

    2. to write

    3. wrote

    4. writing

    5. written

41. The conquerors stole not only the gold and silver that were needed to replenish the badly depleted treasury ___ the supplies that were vital to the colonists.

    1. and

    2. or

    3. nor

    4. but also

    5. too